I. Introduction:

To establish a position relative to another position on the face of the Earth, one must know how that point is in reference to where you are at, the current position (CP). The CP is a very important point as you will ALWAYS need this when navigating. We shall define four basic cardinal directions and in between them, there shall be many more subdirections or combination directions.¹

Location: Outdoors

# of Players:  4 players+

Age: All

Equipment: any soft ball that won't hurt when it hits someone

Every player is assigned a number from 1 to the number of total players.

Players form a close circle with one player in the center who has the ball. The player in the center throws the ball straight up as high as s/he can and yells out a number.

Everyone scatters except the player whose number was called. S/He catches or picks up the ball. As soon as s/he has the ball, s/he yells "SPUD" and everyone must freeze.

The new player with the ball can then take up to 3 giant steps towards any player s/he wants. S/He then throws the ball at the targetted player.  The players can move all parts of her/his body to dodge the throw - EXCEPT her/his feet. If the player is hit, s/he gets S otherwise the thrower gets S.

Everyone gets back in a circle and whichever scout received a letter gets to throw the ball up for the next round.

When a scout reaches S-P-U-D, he is out of the game. Or, after a set time, the scout with the least letters is the winner.

Communication

Basics

Communication is a way we use to send messages. There are many ways to communicate: Morse Code, Semaphore Code, Cypher Codes, 2-way radio, are some of the methods we will study in this article. We define the Sender as the one who is transmitting a message; and the Receiver as the one who is listening for the message.

Location: Outdoors

# of Players: 3+

Age: All

Define a chain as two or more links. Two people start the game as the initial chain. This is the minimum amount of people in a chain.  They hold hands/lock arms and attempt to tag people within the boundaries.  The person they tag joins the chain by linking hands with the chain. When the chain has 4 or more people, that chain can split.  The chain can stay split or can link together at will. However, the split can only happen when there is more than 4 people in the chain. This game is played till all are caught.